Visual art reflects reality with the help of visual images, identifying the diversity and many facets of the world around us, the ideas and feelings of human beings. Creativity is a direct way of knowing and manifesting oneself and the world around us. For example, the artist applies his own imagination to do so.

Types of visual art

• Painting – the art of drawing with paints on a flat surface;
• Graphics – work with lines and strokes without the use of paints;
• Sculpture – artwork done by carving and sculpting;
• Architecture – the process of constructing buildings and building complexes;
• Decorative Art – creativity based on decorating something.

Painting as a type of fine art

Painting is one of the types of fine art. There are easel painting, decorative and monumental painting. The first subspecies is a creation using oil paints. The process takes place on wooden boards, cardboard and ogolite. Easel painting is the most mass-produced. The monumental sub-species is associated with painting on walls, which is used in the decoration of architectural structures. Such painting is especially popular in Europe. Particularly relevant is the fresco, which is the art of depicting on the raw plaster with special paints. This painting technique was used to decorate most religious buildings.

Decorative painting is the art of painting on interior objects, walls, furniture and so on. Each type of painting has its own nuances. This is primarily a technique of execution. Some works are difficult to separate from graphics, especially when done in watercolor or pastel.

There are such genres of painting:

• Portrait – the most realistic painting of a person;
• Landscape – the most popular genre of painting, in which the author depicts the nature;
• Architectural painting – reminds something of a landscape, but differs by the presence of architectural structures in the picture;
• Historical painting – in this genre depicts some historical event;
• Battle genre – depicting military events;
• Still Life – a picture of flowers, food, dishes and other objects at hand;
• Marine – seascapes, seashores with a view of the sea;
• Animalism – depiction of animals and birds, including mythical ones.

Architecture and its types

The name itself is translated from the ancient Greek as the senior builder. As a type of fine art, architecture is the artistic design of a variety of structures. It is based on three foundations: strength, usefulness, and beauty.

The main architectural fields are:

• Volumetric design – any large-scale creation of buildings and structures;
• Urban design – the construction and layout of urban buildings;
• Green architecture – its main objective is to minimize the consumption of energy resources in the application of structures;
• Landscape – design of gardens, parks and other plant environments;
• Interior design – decoration of houses, apartments and pavilions from the inside.

Graphics

Another type of fine art, which consists in depicting reality, imagination and experiences of artists. A variety of techniques and materials are used to carry out graphics. Most often a paper sheet is used.

All types of graphics are classified into the following:

• Monumental graphics – is a wall and printed graphics;
• Easel painting – a drawing or print is made without referring to a particular style of interior, it all depends on the artistic sense;
• Decorative – this section includes drawings from books, postcards and other graphic images.

Types of sculpture

Depending on the shape, purpose and material, sculpture can be round or relief. Round includes busts, statues and other variants that can be viewed from either side. Relief are convex or concave shapes on a flat background. There are three types of relief sculpture: bas-relief, high relief and counter-relief. The first type is the most widespread as a decorative decoration of architectural buildings since ancient times. The first sculptures of this type are known from the Paleolithic period. High relief is used to depict multi-figure scenes.

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Still life is one of the most popular types of painting, it usually depicts a combination of man-made objects and fruits of nature. To create a still life it is not necessary to use oil paints (although this is a classic option) – these paintings are also created with watercolors, pastels, pencils and the like.

There are a number of rules for achieving harmony in the subject – not following them can lead to disappointment with the result. Before you start painting, it won’t hurt to learn about a few subtleties and learn how to apply them.
Important rules for creating a still life painting:

1. Don’t arrange your objects in a boring manner-it doesn’t create any interest. Change the level of the objects and the distance between them, use overlap, change shapes.
2. A lot of free space – it’s unattractive, you have to fill it with something. Even if you’re only going to have a single vase, use your imagination, including a dried twig and a piece of fabric. Such details would take all the attention away, but you would fill the void on the canvas and create depth in the composition.
3. tones – you rarely see a wide range of colors in still life paintings, such paintings should radiate tranquility. Use only 2-3 colors as a basic, add their shades – you should get a richly bright, but not too prominent image. If you want to use more colors, don’t place them in equal quantities, but keep the main color in the picture, which will fill most of the space.
4. In addition to the main color must be present the main subject, it will draw the attention of the viewer. Such an item is the center of the composition, the following parts of the still life will complement it in every way. For example: one tall and saturated bud in a bouquet of flowers and several slightly wilted small flowers.
5. Move along the still life painting step by step, create the composition step by step.

Creating this type of painting is a more complicated task compared to painting single objects on canvas. In a still life drawing all the objects that are similar to each other with the same subject matter should be united. When arranging, you can add objects different in texture, height, ornamentation. Composition of wooden or clay vessels would be nice to complement the objects of glass with unusual shape, different berries.

A variety of fruits, from pears to oranges, and many vegetables, from cucumbers to cabbage, give the student enormous material for practice in drawing rounded shapes. Simple and complex compositions can be used as models. Sometimes one can decorate a bouquet with berries and different herbs. One can also create a still life from potted houseplants.

Through material objects can learn about a person’s character, to understand their emotions and preferences. Thanks to things you can find out a lot about their owner. Sometimes plaster objects can be added to a still life. Still lifes are very useful for educational purposes because they teach how to draw differently arranged geometric bodies.

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The works of world famous artists fascinate millions of people. Art is a significant part of the cultural education of every person. Especially valuable are paintings by famous artists. Consider the most significant of them:

• Sistine Madonna. Painted in 1512 by Raphael, the work is kept in Dresden. Its main secret is the background, which depicts the heads of angels. They can only be seen at close range. The little angels below are often used to create various postcards and posters.
• Night Watch. The painting was painted by Rembrandt in 1642 and is kept in Amsterdam now. One of the most provocative paintings in history. The plot of the painting takes us back to 1639.
• The Last Supper. The painting was created by the greatest artist, Leonardo da Vinci, in 1498. It is currently located in Milan. It has been tried many times and restored more than five times. The last time it was restored was for 20 years.
• Permanence of Memory. It was painted by Salvador Dali in 1931. It is now kept in New York. The famous painting was created under the association of the author of processed cheese.
• Tower of Babel. The painting was painted in 1563 by Peter Bruegel. It is now in Vienna. According to the plot, it depicts the Tower of Babel collapsing.
• Black square. The famous canvas by Kazimir Malevich painted in 1915. The artist claims to have painted it for several months. There are many versions about the creation of the painting. After her the author painted squares in other colors.
• Bathing a red horse. Kuzma Petrov-Vodkin painted this work of art in 1912. The painting foreshadowed the evil doom of Russia in the twentieth century.
• Freedom leading the people. The author of the work was Eugène Delacroix. Today it is kept in the Louvre. The plot is based on motifs of the French revolution of 1830.
• The Rising Sun. It was painted by Claude Monet in 1872. The work is now in France. It was the start for the artistic style of “impressionism”.
• The girl with the pearl earring. A beautiful work by Jan Vermeer, often compared to Mona Lisa. Little is known about the depicted girl. A film was made based on the painting.
• The Ninth Shaft. A famous painting by Ivan Aivazovsky, painted in 1850. Now the work is in St. Petersburg. The artist is known throughout the world for its seascapes. The painting “The Ninth Shaft” is included in the hundred great works of art.

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